Treatment Decision Tree for Managing Speech Problems Associated With Cleft Palate and VPD

Figure adapted With Permission From Trost-Cardamone (2013)

Treatment-Decision-Tree.png

Note. PSNE = phoneme-specific nasal emission; VPD = velopharyngeal dysfunction; VP = velopharyngeal.

Trost-Cardamone, J. (2013). Cleft palate speech: A comprehensive 2-part set. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

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