This page highlights guidelines for supervision from the ASHA Scope of Practice for the Speech-Language Pathology Assistant (SLPA) and includes information on the following topics:
Supervisors and SLPAs should consider these requirements and regulations:
The ASHA Scope of Practice for the SLPA recommends that the supervising speech-language pathologist (SLP):
It is also recommended that the professional development course taken in clinical instruction or supervision include content related to the supervision of SLPAs.
First time supervisors, or those who want to enhance their supervision skill set, will benefit from these tools and resources.
In addition to the minimum qualifications listed above, the following additional roles and behavior are expected of the supervising SLP:
The amount and type of supervision required must be consistent with the
To ensure adequate and appropriate supervision, the supervising SLP should outline their expectations in collaboration with the SLPA. As the relationship continues to develop over time, the SLP/SLPA team can decide how and to what extent supervision is needed.
Before the SLPA begins to provide support independently, the supervising SLP must have first contact with all individuals on the caseload. “First contact” includes establishing rapport, gathering baseline data, and securing other necessary documentation to begin (or continue) the plan of care for the student, patient, or client. As the SLP/SLPA team dynamic continues to develop beyond the initial onboarding, minimum ongoing supervision must always include documentation of direct supervision provided by the SLP for each student, patient, or client at least every 30–60 days (depending on the frequency of visits and sessions and depending on the setting).
The SLP may adjust the amount of supervision if they determine that the SLPA has met appropriate competencies and skill levels. The supervisor should review, in regular intervals, data on every student, patient, and client served by the SLPA ; this can be considered “indirect supervision.” Supervisors should arrange designated days and times of day (morning or afternoon) in such a way that all students, patients, and clients receive direct contact with the supervising SLP.
According to the ASHA Scope of Practice for the SLPA, “medically fragile” is a term used to describe an individual who is acutely ill and in an unstable health condition. If an SLPA treats such an individual, that treatment requires 100% direct supervision by an SLP. States, health care providers, payers, and facilities may also define the term “medically fragile” based on medical diagnosis and needed support.
ASHA maintains two separate policy documents that set forth the fundamentals of ethical conduct in the professions. Both documents address considerations for supervision.
Issues in Ethics: Speech-Language Pathology Assistants also provides guidance for speech-language pathology assistants and their supervisors. This statement reflects ASHA’s policy on the use of SLPAs and does not supersede state credentialing and licensure laws.
The supervising SLP should determine the appropriate number of assistants whose practice can be supervised within that supervisor’s workload. Although more than one SLP may supervise an SLPA, it is recommended that the SLP supervise or be listed as a supervisor for no more than three full-time equivalent (FTE) SLPAs in any setting. The SLP is responsible for determining how many SLPAs they can supervise while still maintaining the highest level of quality for services provided.
ASHA maintains two policy documents that describe the fundamentals of ethical conduct in the professions. Both address considerations for supervision.
Issues in Ethics: Speech-Language Pathology Assistants is designed to provide guidance for speech-language pathology assistants and their supervisors and reflects ASHA’s policy for the use of SLPAs and does not supersede state licensure laws.
Telesupervision occurs when a qualified professional observes, from a distance, the delivery of services and provides feedback or assistance as needed. With telesupervision, the SLP can view and communicate with the patient and SLPA in real time via telecommunication software (e.g., virtual platforms), webcam, telephone, and similar devices and services to supervise the SLPA. This enables the SLP to give immediate feedback. Telesupervision does not include reviewing a recorded session later. See ASHA’s Practice Portal on Telepractice for information on licensure and teacher certification, international considerations, and reimbursement and other topics. The page also includes a comprehensive list of resources—including checklists and videos to inform practice.
The use of telesupervision as an alternative to in-person supervision may depend on the policies, regulations, and/or laws of various stakeholders such as universities, clinical settings, ASHA, state licensure boards, and state and federal laws and regulations.
Increasingly, state licensure laws may or may not include guidance or regulation regarding telesupervision. States may vary in terms of whether they specifically address the issue of supervising students from a distance. See practice policy for your state. In some cases, providers and clients, patients, students may not reside in the same state or country. Serving Students in Other States and Countries Through Telepractice provides information and guidance when this occurs.
The supervisor has an ethical responsibility to determine if telesupervision is appropriate in view of the type of setting, client population, and level of competence of the individual delivering the service.
When implementing telesupervision practice and policies, consider the security of the telesupervision transmission, keeping in mind relevant state and federal laws such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Policies about safety, liability, and whether a certified and/or licensed professional needs to be on site are important considerations. Considerations for Group Speech-Language Pathology Treatment in Telepractice addresses service delivery, documentation, privacy and confidentiality of telepractice across settings.
Delivering supervision services from a distance requires knowledge and skills for managing technology, complying with licensure and security requirements, providing feedback, and so forth. Training may be necessary to ensure that the quality and effectiveness of the telesupervision is equivalent to in-person supervision.
Supervision requirements of SLPAs can vary by state, payer, and setting. It is important to consider all applicable requirements to ensure that you are billing for services provided by assistants appropriately. The final authority on billing and payment requirements is the patient’s insurance plan (payer), in compliance with state law. For more information on supervision requirements across payers, see Supervision of Assistants: Billing and Payment Compliance.