The first step in the evidence-based practice (EBP) process is to identify the clinical problem or question for which you are seeking evidence. Asking a focused and relevant question about your client's situation will inform your search. One widely used approach to frame a clinical question is known as PICO, which stands for
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
The PICO elements are as follows:
Once you've identified the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome for your situation, you can establish your PICO question.
Quick Tip:
There is no one "correct" way to construct a PICO question. Your clinical question should include elements specific to each client's unique circumstances and values.
Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome | Example PICO Question |
---|---|---|---|---|
Children with severe to profound hearing loss | Cochlear implants | Hearing aids | Speech and language development | For children with severe to profound hearing loss, what is the effect of cochlear implants compared with hearing aids on speech and language development? |
Young adult with a stroke | Cognitive rehab | Not applicable | Return to work | What is the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on vocational outcomes in individuals who experience a stroke? |
Quick Tip:
Sometimes, you have a clinical situation that may have more than one PICO question. Write them all down to tackle one search at a time. Your clinical question(s) should be specific enough to guide your search—but not too specific that you are unable to find any evidence.